September 20, 2004

Reflections on liberal education (#15)

As a member of last year's Academic Program Working Group and, now, as a member of the Curriculum Review Committee, I've participated in frequent and extended discussions focusing on liberal education, the Furman experience, and our curriculum. To say that these conversations have been stimulating would be a considerable understatement. They have, however, brought out so many nuances, multiple perspectives, and (sometimes) competing visions of what our curriculum ought to be that I find myself at times confused if not confounded by this remarkably rich set of ideas, concepts, and proposals.

Given the daunting breadth of the landscape there is real value, I think, in trying to distill from these conversations core (or connecting) principles around which a successful liberal arts education is built. I'll present what I believe to be several core principles – though, like [another colleague], I reserve the right to modify or even change my views as this year unfolds. Indeed, my thinking about these questions has already evolved in important ways because of the insights offered by our colleagues.

I'll note also that the principles suggested below are premised on the assumption that a liberal education ought to make likely particular outcomes. That is, a student who spends time at Furman ought to be influenced by her or his education to develop certain habits of the mind and heart. My comments, therefore, do not focus on content; this brief overview is not intended to propose a curriculum or even to address in a very specific sense many of the questions that we know must be answered before our work is done – questions related, for example, to the composition of the GER or the type of calendar we use. I'd leave it for the Committee and ultimately the faculty to determine what type of content is most likely to produce the outcomes described here. Such principles could, however, be used to guide (or at least shape) our decision-making about those questions.

First, we should strive to create a community of learners in which intellectual curiosity is stimulated, nurtured, and rewarded. This should occur in and out of the classroom – and should be obvious to students and faculty alike and manifest in our decisions about admission, curriculum, resource allocation, etc. We talk a lot about creating "lifelong learners," a concept I heartily endorse, but I'd argue that intellectually curious people will be lifetime learners because they know no other way of relating to their world. Moreover, our academic requirements and schedule (and extracurricular activities) ought to be structured to permit at least some opportunity for reflection and for unscheduled and unscripted intellectual interaction.

Second, a community committed to the values of liberal education should help these intellectually curious people – or perhaps demand of them – that they think critically. Our curriculum (and co-curriculum) ought to be designed so that a student cannot graduate without being challenged regularly to confront his or her own views (i.e., a capacity for self-criticism) and the views of others.

Third, liberal education should cultivate an understanding of those not like oneself. This is, at least in part, similar to Nussbaum's "world citizenship," in that it encourages empathy and compassion. A curriculum that accomplishes this must necessarily have a non-Western dimension, include some foreign language exposure, and encourage consideration of multiple moral and ethical perspectives.

Fourth, a successful liberal arts curriculum ought to be based on what I'll call here the "unity of knowledge." A knowledgeable person is broadly educated and sees the interrelatedness of facts and ideas. Put another way, a liberal education ought to be based on connectedness; we want our students to see the relevance of ideas and material in one course to other courses. Interdisciplinary courses are especially well-suited to the realization of this objective, but are by no means the only courses in which connections ought to be implicit and/or explicit. This principle requires, as well, that students are exposed to the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Moreover, it assumes that students are discouraged from focusing so narrowly on one or two disciplines that they're not able to take the relatively wide range of courses at the heart of successful liberal education.

Fifth, the liberal arts ought to have at their core the development of expressive capabilities – in particular, the ability to write well and speak well. All of the other outcomes associated with liberal education are diminished if a student is incapable of clear and effective expression.

Sixth, even as a liberal curriculum must be committed to breadth of exposure, interdisciplinarity, and emphasis on connectedness, it also ought to require intense study within a discipline. In [a colleague's] essay, he argues persuasively for such focus, noting, in particular, that the "depth of understanding" that comes from disciplinary study "provides opportunities for individuals to participate as primary contributors to the greater body of knowledge, not be constrained to…the role of spectators." ([Emphasis in original.])

Can a single curriculum do all of these things? I think so – indeed, our current curriculum does many of these things already (though not all equally well). Of course, to enrich this curriculum so that these multiple objectives might be achieved will require creativity, some risk-taking, and some compromise. Finally, such a "curriculum" must be more than a set of academic requirements or courses in a catalogue. It must, instead, be a commitment to nurture a community that embraces intellectual vitality and activity as primary

Posted by love at September 20, 2004 08:30 AM
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